Scope / Application of Statistics in Various fields –
Statistics has such a broad and ever-expanding scope that defining it is not only difficult but also unwise. Statistics are now used in practically every aspect of our life. It has become a recognised subject in its own right, as well as a tool of all disciplines essential to study, research and intelligent judgement. Statistical tools are used in almost every sector, including education, trade, industry or commerce, economics, biology, botany, medicine, physics, chemistry, astronomy, sociology, technology, and psychology.
Statistics has so many applications that it is often said, “Statistics is what statisticians do.” Governments, businesses, and people collect statistical data required in order to perform their activities efficiently and effectively. The following are some areas where statistics is used:
1. Statistics and State: (Importance of Statistics in State):
Since ancient times, ruling kings and chiefs have depended largely on statistics to formulate appropriate military and fiscal policies. Most of the statistics they collected, such as those on the population, military strength, crimes, taxes, and so on, were a by-product of administrative activity. The state’s functions have greatly expanded in recent years. The concept of a state has evolved beyond just preserving law and order to one of providing social services.
2. Statistics in Business and Management: (Importance of Statistics in Business and Management):
Statistical methods are almost mainly used in the 20th century to solve commercial difficulties. Statistics are used in almost every aspect of business and industry, including manufacturing, financial analysis, distribution analysis, market research, personnel planning, research and development, and accounting, to name a few.
3. Statistics and Economics: (Importance of Statistics in Economics):
The study of statistics is an important element of economics. In 1890, the famous economist, Prof. Alfred Marshall, stated, “Statistics are the straw out of which I, like every other economist, have to create bricks.” Dr Marshall’s viewpoint highlights the importance of statistics in economics. Statistical data and statistical analysis techniques have been extremely helpful when dealing with economic issues. Prices, wages, time series analysis, and demand analysis are just a few examples.
4. Statistics and Physical Sciences: (Importance of Statistics in Physical Sciences):
Statistical methods were first developed and applied in the physical sciences, mainly physics, geology, and astronomy, but until recently, these sciences were not as involved in the development of 20th-century statistics as the biological and social sciences.
5. Statistics and Natural Sciences: (Importance of Statistics in Natural Sciences):
In the study of all natural sciences, like biology, medicine, meteorology, zoology, botany, etc., statistical methods have proven to be highly helpful. For example, the doctor had to rely heavily on factual data such as body temperature, pulse rate, BP, and so on when diagnosing the correct disease.
6. Statistics and Research: (Importance of Statistics in Research):
In research, statistics is a must-have. Most of the progress in knowledge has been due to experiments conducted with the help of statistical methods.
7. Statistics and Planning: (Importance of Statistics in Planning):
In the modern era, dubbed “the age of planning,” statistics are essential to planning. Almost everywhere in the world, governments are restoring economic development planning.
8. Statistics and Industry: (Importance of Statistics in Industry):
Statistics are widely employed in industry to control inequality. In production engineering, statistical techniques such as inspection plans, control charts, etc., are used to determine if the product conforms to the standards or not. Other businesses use statistics to help them develop better products and services. Some companies use data from embedded sensors in their goods to provide services such as regular maintenance.
9. Statistics and Mathematics: (Importance of Statistics in Mathematics):
Statistics and mathematics are inextricably linked, and recent advances in statistical methods are the result of a wide range of mathematical applications.
Because statistics is a branch of applied mathematics, it is obvious that it plays an important role in mathematics. Statistics, on the other hand, is more than just a distinct branch of mathematics.
A large portion of math is focused on probability and theory. Statistical approaches help to improve the accuracy of such mathematical theories. Using averages, dispersion, and estimations, you can arrive at conclusions that are closer to the actual answer than simply guessing. Some examples of mathematical statistics are as follows:
- Calculate the average, median, and mode.
- In a group of 20 people, there is a 75% chance that at least two people will share the same birthday, etc.
10. Statistics and Medical Science: (Importance of Statistics in Medical Science):
In medical science, statistical tools for collecting, presenting, and analyzing observed data relating to disease reasons and incidence, as well as the effects of various medications and medicines, are extremely important.
11. Statistics and Psychology & Education: (Importance of Statistics in Psychology & Education):
Statistics has a wide range of applications in education and physiology, including identifying or attempting to determine the reliability and validity of a test, factor analysis, and so on.
12. Statistics and Other Uses: (Importance of Statistics in Other Fields):
Insurance companies, auditors, bankers, brokers, social workers, labor unions, trade unions, chambers of commerce, etc. can all benefit from statistics. Politicians and their supporters can benefit greatly from statistics. They want to see what their chances are and what efforts are required to win the election.
(Source – Various books from the college library)
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